home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- COMAL Yet Another Language
- ==========================
-
- by: Joel Ellis Rea
-
- --------------------------------------
-
- COMAL is a PASCAL-like or C-like
-
- computer language which is available
-
- for the Commodore 64. It is the first
-
- language in some time to have a real
-
- chance of replacing BASIC as the
-
- premiere language for introducing the
-
- art of programming.
-
-
- The word COMAL (say: "co-mall") is
-
- an acronym for COMmon Algorithmic Lan-
-
- guage. It was invented over a decade
-
- ago by Borge Christensen of Denmark.
-
- Unlike BASIC, an international stan-
-
- dard exists for the language. This
-
- standard is called the COMAL Kernal.
-
- In order to be called COMAL, all im-
-
- plementations of the language must be
-
- compatible with the Kernal. (Not to be
-
- confused with Commodore's Kernal, the
-
- main operating system routines in the
-
- ROMs of all Commodore computers.) Of
-
- course, each implementation may add
-
- additional features to support fancy
-
- hardware (such as the 64's VIC and SID
-
- chips, etc.), and add more utility.
-
- This means that any COMAL program
-
- which uses only the Kernal features
-
- can be used "as is" on ANY system that
-
- runs COMAL! If you have ever tried to
-
- translate, say, a TRS-80 BASIC program
-
- to the 64, you can really appreciate
-
- the advantages of a standard!
-
-
- Since Mr. Christensen is from Den-
-
- mark, COMAL first took hold in Europe.
-
- It is now one of the most popular lan-
-
- guages in Europe. Since Commodore has
-
- LONG been the #1 microcomputer maker
-
- in Europe, there are more implementa-
-
- tions of COMAL for Commodore computers
-
- than any other brand. This has led to
-
- the misunderstanding prevelant in this
-
- country that the "COM" in COMAL stands
-
- for "COMmodore", not "COMmon". There
-
- are two versions available for the 64:
-
- COMAL 0.14, which has been available
-
- on disk for some time at $19.95 (!!),
-
- and COMAL 2.0, which exists only on
-
- cartridge for the 64 and costs $99.95.
-
- Special packaged editions with printed
-
- documentation and sample programs on
-
- disk are available for $29.95 (0.14)
-
- and $128.90 (2.0). LOADSTAR is nego-
-
- tiating to become a COMAL distributor.
-
-
- If you can't wait, your local User's
-
- Group should have 0.14 available for
-
- you to try out. You may also contact:
-
-
- The COMAL User's Group, U.S.A., Ltd.
- 5501 Groveland Terrace
- Madison, WI 53716-3251
-
- 1(800)356-5324 ext. 1307
- (for VISA or MC orders ONLY!)
-
- 1(608)222-4432 (general information)
-
-
- If there is sufficient interest,
-
- we may set up a regular feature -- a
-
- series of COMAL tutorials, reviews,
-
- technical information and (of course)
-
- COMAL programs.
-
-
- This month, we have three programs
-
- in COMAL 0.14: C.POLYSPIRAL which
-
- draws random LOGO-style pictures,
-
- C.GLASS, which draws beautiful random
-
- "stained-glass" patterns, and C.FFDB,
-
- a Free-Form DataBase which has only 5
-
- commands, but can store, search and
-
- print many different kinds of data!
-
- All of these programs were written by
-
- yours truly. (Note: the "C." in the
-
- above program names denotes a COMAL
-
- 0.14 program that was SAVEd to disk
-
- in its compiled (PRG) form. Use the
-
- COMAL "LOAD" or "CHAIN" command on
-
- these.)
-
-
- ** Important Note **
-
- Be aware that you won't be able to run
-
- any of the COMAL programs on this disk
-
- without COMAL 0.14 or 2.0.
-
- Hopefully, each month there will
-
- be more programs.
-
- Of course, we welcome program sub-
-
- missons in COMAL. In addition to the
-
- normal program submission policy, we
-
- ask that each COMAL program have the
-
- prefix "C." in front of its name if it
-
- is in COMAL 0.14 SAVE (PRG) format,
-
- "L." if it is in COMAL 0.14 LIST (SRC)
-
- format, "C2." if it is in COMAL 2.0
-
- SAVE format, or "L2." if it is in
-
- COMAL 2.0 LIST format. For a program
-
- that is Kernal compatible and there-
-
- fore works under both versions, use
-
- the LIST command to save it to disk,
-
- with the prefix "LK.". Remember: if
-
- you are using COMAL 2.0, use the
-
- "keywords'in'upper'case(FALSE)" proce-
-
- dure in the SYSTEM package BEFORE
-
- issuing the LIST to disk command!
-
-
- Your support of this column will
-
- ensure its continuation. If you like
-
- it let us know. Please send us your
-
- COMAL programs, or if you'd like, and
-
- you're able, send in an article.
-
- ==========< end of article >==========
-